GAINS (Greenhouse Gas - Air Pollution Interactions and Synergies)

GAINS is an extension of RAINS, the Regional Air pollution INformation and Simulation model, developed by the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA) in Austria. RAINS combines information on expected trends in human activities that cause transboundary air pollution, with data on available options for reducing emissions from these activities, and their costs. Through the extension into greenhouse gases, the most recent version of the GAINS model quantifies the potentials and costs of reducing the six greenhouse gases (CO2, CH4, N2O, HFC, PCF and SF6), for 43 regions in Europe.